{"id":1037,"date":"2024-12-31T10:55:27","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T02:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/membrane-electrode-assembly\/"},"modified":"2025-01-09T20:58:38","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T12:58:38","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%87%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ba%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%87%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ba%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 Membrane Electrode"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/mceclip31.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p data-line=\"4\">\u0623\u0644\u0641 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/a> \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0648 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"Key Takeaways\" data-line=\"6\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul data-line=\"8\">\n<li data-line=\"8\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (SES) \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"9\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 MEA \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 (PEM) \u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (GDL) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"10\"><a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/tac-coated-graphite-susceptor-advancements\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"11\"><a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/semiconductor-graphite-and-its-role-in-modern-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"12\">MESS \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"13\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 CO2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"14\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 MEA \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"Components of a Membrane Electrode Assembly\" data-line=\"16\">\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n<p data-line=\"22\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/product-category\/hydrogen-energy\/membrane-electrode-assembly-mea\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)\" data-line=\"24\">Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"26\">The <strong>\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 (PEM)<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"28\">\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 PEM \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 PEM \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c PEMs \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 7 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Catalyst Layers\" data-line=\"30\">\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0632<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"32\">The <strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a PEM \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"34\">\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Gas Diffusion Layers (GDL)\" data-line=\"36\">\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (GDL)<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"38\">The <strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (GDL)<\/strong> \u0627\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 GDLs \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0637\u0628 PEM.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"40\">\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 GDLs \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a MEA \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 GDLs \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"42\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a - \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u0648 GDLs - \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Electrodes\" data-line=\"44\">Electrodes<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"47\">The <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (MEA) \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"What Are Electrodes Made Of?\" data-line=\"49\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"51\">\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"53\">\n<p data-line=\"53\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 id=\"How Do Electrodes Function?\" data-line=\"55\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"57\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"59\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"Why Are Electrodes Crucial for MEA Performance?\" data-line=\"61\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 MEA\u061f<\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"63\">\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 (CCM) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"65\">\n<p data-line=\"65\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 id=\"Real-World Applications of Electrodes\" data-line=\"67\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"69\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 CO2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"71\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"How a Membrane Electrode Assembly Works\" data-line=\"73\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n<p data-line=\"79\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/fuel-cell-membrane-electrode-clean-energy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/a> (MEA) \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 MEA \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Electrochemical Reactions\" data-line=\"81\">\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"83\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 MEA. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 (PEMFC) \u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"85\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0640 MEA. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"87\">\n<p data-line=\"87\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 MEA \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"Role of Each Component\" data-line=\"89\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"91\">\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol data-line=\"93\">\n<li data-line=\"93\">\n<p data-line=\"93\"><strong>Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 PEM \u0643\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"95\">\n<p data-line=\"95\"><strong>\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0632<\/strong>: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f \u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"97\">\n<p data-line=\"97\"><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (GDL)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 GDLs \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0640 PEM. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"99\">\n<p data-line=\"99\"><strong>Electrodes<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote data-line=\"101\">\n<p data-line=\"101\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 MEA \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 (CCMS) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"103\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"Applications of Membrane Electrode Assemblies\" data-line=\"105\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n<p data-line=\"108\">\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (SES) \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/how-does-a-fuel-cell-system-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Fuel Cells\" data-line=\"110\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"112\"><a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/fuel-cell-membrane-electrode-clean-energy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 MESS \u0643\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"114\">\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 (PEMFCs). \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 PEMFCs \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0635\u0641\u0631. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 MEA \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 (CCM) \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"116\">\n<p data-line=\"116\"><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061f?<\/strong> \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"Electrolyzers\" data-line=\"118\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"120\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"122\">\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 MEA \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f MEA \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"124\">\n<p data-line=\"124\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"Emerging Technologies\" data-line=\"126\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"128\">\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 CO2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"130\">\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 MESS \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"132\">\n<p data-line=\"132\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0640 MESS \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"134\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 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\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Gore \u0648 Johnson Matthey \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"147\">\n<p data-line=\"147\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"Material Innovations\" data-line=\"149\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"151\">\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"153\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 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\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"155\">\n<p data-line=\"155\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"Future Trends\" data-line=\"157\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"159\">\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"161\">\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u060c \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"163\">\n<p data-line=\"163\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 CO2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"165\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<hr data-line=\"167\">\n<p data-line=\"169\">\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 MEA \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Ningbo Vet Energy Technology Co. \u060c Ltd. \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"FAQ\" data-line=\"171\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"What is the importance of MEA in fuel cells and electrolyzers?\" data-line=\"174\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 MEA \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"176\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a (MEA) \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 MEA \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"What are the critical components of an MEA and their roles?\" data-line=\"178\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0640 MEA \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"180\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 MEA \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul data-line=\"182\">\n<li data-line=\"182\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 PFSA (\u062d\u0645\u0636 perfluorosulfonic) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"183\"><strong>Electrodes<\/strong>: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"184\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"185\"><strong>Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-line=\"187\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 MEA \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"How does the MEA contribute to power production in fuel cells?\" data-line=\"189\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 MEA \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"191\">MEA \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 MEA \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 MEA.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"What advancements in MEA technology are driving market growth?\" data-line=\"193\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 MEA \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"195\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 MEA \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d MES \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"197\">\n<p data-line=\"197\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 MEA \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"What challenges exist in optimizing MEA parameters?\" data-line=\"199\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a MEA\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"201\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a MEA \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 MEA \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Why is material innovation important for MEAs?\" data-line=\"203\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"205\">\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"207\">\n<p data-line=\"207\"><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061f?<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"How do MEAs support hydrogen production in electrolyzers?\" data-line=\"209\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"211\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629. \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 MEA \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"What role do MEAs play in emerging technologies?\" data-line=\"213\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"215\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f SESN \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 CO2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"How do MEAs impact the cost of fuel cells?\" data-line=\"217\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"219\">The <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/the-cost-of-carbon-fiber-composite\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/a> \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"What is the future of MEA technology?\" data-line=\"221\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 MEA\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"223\">\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 MEA \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 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\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"225\">\n<p data-line=\"225\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 SESS \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 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[...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107],"tags":[392,391],"class_list":["post-1037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-gas-diffusion-electrode","tag-membrane-electrode-assembly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1037"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1037\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}