{"id":1041,"date":"2025-01-02T09:14:25","date_gmt":"2025-01-02T01:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/the-most-common-proton-exchange-membrane\/"},"modified":"2025-01-09T20:20:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T12:20:43","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d8%b4%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%84%d9%80-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d8%b4%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%84%d9%80-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/mceclip26.png\"><\/p>\n<p data-line=\"4\">\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proton exchange membrane<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 DuPont \u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0631 Nafion \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f PEM \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f PEM \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"Key Takeaways\" data-line=\"6\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul data-line=\"8\">\n<li data-line=\"8\">Nafion \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/the-principle-of-pem-electrolyzer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proton exchange membrane<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"9\">\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0640 NAFION \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"10\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a Nafion \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"11\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 Nafion \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"12\">\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 Nafion \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"13\">\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 PEM \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 Nafion \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"Overview of Proton Exchange Membranes\" data-line=\"15\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"What Are Proton Exchange Membranes?\" data-line=\"18\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"20\">\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 (PEMs) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/fuel-cell-membrane-electrode-clean-energy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 PEMs \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0646 Nafion \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"22\">PEMs \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"How Do Proton Exchange Membranes Work?\" data-line=\"24\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"26\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d PEM \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"28\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/comparing-materials-for-pem-membranes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f Nafion \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0636 Perfluorosulfonic \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Importance of Proton Exchange Membranes in Electrochemical Systems\" data-line=\"30\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"32\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 PEMs \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"34\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0640 PEMS \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"The Most Common Proton Exchange Membrane: Nafion\" data-line=\"36\">\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627: Nafion<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"History and Development of Nafion\" data-line=\"42\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"44\">\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a <strong>1960s<\/strong> \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a. <em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062c. \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 <strong>1962<\/strong>. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"46\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a Nafion \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 <strong>1980s<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 Nafion \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Why Nafion Is the Most Common Proton Exchange Membrane\" data-line=\"48\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 Nafion \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"50\">\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 Nafion \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"52\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 Nafion \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 NAFION \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Comparison to Other Proton Exchange Membranes\" data-line=\"54\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"56\">\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 Nafion \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0636 Perfluorosulfonic \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 PEMs \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"58\">\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 Nafion \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 Nafion \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"Key Features and Benefits of Nafion\" data-line=\"60\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f Nafion<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"High Proton Conductivity\" data-line=\"63\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"65\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 Nafion \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0636 perfluorosulfonic \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"67\">\n<p data-line=\"67\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 Nafion \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"69\">\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 Nafion \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 Nafion \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Chemical and Thermal Stability\" data-line=\"71\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"73\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d Nafion \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 Nafion \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"75\">\n<p data-line=\"75\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 Nafion \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"77\">\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Durability and Longevity\" data-line=\"79\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"81\">\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 Nafion \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"83\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"85\">\n<p data-line=\"85\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 Nafion \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"87\">\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/comparing-materials-for-pem-membranes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a>. \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Compatibility with Various Applications\" data-line=\"89\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"92\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d Nafion \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"1. Fuel Cells\" data-line=\"94\">1. <strong>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"96\">\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 Nafion \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 (PEMFCs). \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a Nafion \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"98\">\n<p data-line=\"98\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 Nafion \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a PEMFCs \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 id=\"2. Water Electrolysis\" data-line=\"100\">2. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"102\">\u0641\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/the-principle-of-pem-electrolyzer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 Nafion \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"3. Hydrogen Production\" data-line=\"104\">3. <strong>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"106\">\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 Nafion \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"4. Emerging Applications\" data-line=\"108\">4. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"110\">\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 Nafion \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"112\">\n<p data-line=\"112\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 Nafion \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"114\">\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 Nafion \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"Applications of Proton Exchange Membranes\" data-line=\"116\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"Fuel Cells\" data-line=\"122\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"124\">\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 (PEMFCs). \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 Nafion \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"126\"><a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/fuel-cell-membrane-electrode-clean-energy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 Nafion<\/a> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 PEMFCs \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"128\">\n<p data-line=\"128\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u0648\u0641\u0642 <em>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"Electrolyzers\" data-line=\"130\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"132\">electrolezers \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/the-principle-of-pem-electrolyzer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"134\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 NAFION \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"136\">\n<p data-line=\"136\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: <em>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/em> \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 Nafion \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"Hydrogen Production\" data-line=\"138\">\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"140\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"142\">\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 Nafion \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 Nafion \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0648\u0631 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"144\">\n<p data-line=\"144\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: <em>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b nester<\/em> \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"146\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 Nafion \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Other Emerging Applications\" data-line=\"148\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"151\">\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 Nafion \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"1. Redox Flow Batteries\" data-line=\"153\">1. <strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"155\">\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 Nafion \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"157\">\n<p data-line=\"157\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 Nafion \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 id=\"2. Advanced Electrochemical Sensors\" data-line=\"159\">2. <strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"161\">\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 Nafion \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 Nafion \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"3. Water Treatment Technologies\" data-line=\"163\">3. <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"165\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"4. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)\" data-line=\"167\">4. <strong>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 (DMFCs)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"169\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Nafion \u0648\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a DMFCs \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"171\">\n<p data-line=\"171\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 Nafion \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a DMFCs \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 id=\"5. Emerging Energy Storage Systems\" data-line=\"173\">5. <strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"175\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 Nafion \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a Nafion \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"177\">\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"Limitations and Challenges of Nafion\" data-line=\"179\">\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"Cost Considerations\" data-line=\"182\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"184\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 Nafion \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/the-principle-of-pem-electrolyzer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"186\">\n<p data-line=\"186\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Nafion.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"188\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 NAFION \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Environmental Concerns\" data-line=\"190\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"192\">\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c NAFION \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a Nafion \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a perfluorinated (PFCs) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"194\">\n<p data-line=\"194\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 NAFION. \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"196\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Performance in Extreme Conditions\" data-line=\"198\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"200\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a Nafion \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"202\">\n<p data-line=\"202\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"204\">\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 Nafion. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Alternatives and Ongoing Research\" data-line=\"206\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"209\">The <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/comparing-materials-for-pem-membranes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 Nafion<\/a> \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"1. Hydrocarbon-Based Membranes\" data-line=\"211\">1. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"213\">\u062c\u0630\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a Nafion. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 NAFION.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"215\">\n<p data-line=\"215\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 id=\"2. Composite Membranes\" data-line=\"217\">2. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"219\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"221\">\n<p data-line=\"221\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640 PEMs \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 id=\"3. Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes\" data-line=\"223\">3. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"225\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"227\">\n<p data-line=\"227\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 id=\"4. Sulfonated Aromatic Polymers\" data-line=\"229\">4. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-line=\"231\">\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (Speek) \u060c \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0640 Nafion. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"233\">\n<p data-line=\"233\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr data-line=\"235\">\n<h3 id=\"Ongoing Research Efforts\" data-line=\"237\">\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"239\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul data-line=\"241\">\n<li data-line=\"241\">\n<p data-line=\"241\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 Nafion \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"243\">\n<p data-line=\"243\"><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-line=\"245\">\n<p data-line=\"245\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote data-line=\"247\">\n<p data-line=\"247\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 PEM. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"249\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"Future of Proton Exchange Membranes\" data-line=\"251\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"Innovations in PEM Technology\" data-line=\"254\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 PEM<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"256\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 (PEM) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 PEMs \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/comparing-materials-for-pem-membranes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/a> \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"258\">\n<p data-line=\"258\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 <a href=\"http:\/\/weitai1.globaldeepsea.site\/the-principle-of-pem-electrolyzer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u2122<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"260\">\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 PEMs \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Potential for Cost Reduction\" data-line=\"262\">\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"264\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 PEMS \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 Nafion \u2122 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Ion Power \u060c Inc. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u2122 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"266\">\n<p data-line=\"266\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"268\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 Speek \u060c \u0643\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 NAFION \u2122. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 PEM \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Sustainability and Environmental Impact\" data-line=\"270\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"272\">\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 PEM. \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 Nafion \u2122 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 Ion Power \u060c Inc. \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Nafion \u2122.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"274\">\n<p data-line=\"274\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-line=\"276\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 PEMs. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-line=\"278\">\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PEM \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0633\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<hr data-line=\"280\">\n<p data-line=\"282\">\u064a\u0642\u0641 Nafion \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647. \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 NAFION \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 Nafion \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"FAQ\" data-line=\"284\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"What are the common applications of Nafion?\" data-line=\"287\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0640 Nafion\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"289\">\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 Nafion \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 Nafion \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 Donnan Dialsis. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"291\">\n<p data-line=\"291\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 Nafion \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"What are the key properties of Nafion materials?\" data-line=\"293\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f Nafion\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"295\">\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f Nafion \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"297\">\n<p data-line=\"297\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 Nafion \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"Why is Nafion preferred in fuel cells?\" data-line=\"299\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"301\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a Nafion \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 (PEMFCs) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"303\">\n<p data-line=\"303\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d<\/strong>: \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 Nafion \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"How does Nafion contribute to hydrogen production?\" data-line=\"305\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"307\">\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 Nafion \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"309\">\n<p data-line=\"309\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 NAFION \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"Can Nafion be used in emerging technologies?\" data-line=\"311\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 nafion \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"313\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u060c \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a Nafion \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 (DMFCs) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"315\">\n<p data-line=\"315\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Nafion \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"What makes Nafion durable in industrial applications?\" data-line=\"317\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 Nafion \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"319\">\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 Nafion fluoropolymer \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"321\">\n<p data-line=\"321\"><strong>\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 Nafion \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"How does Nafion support environmental sustainability?\" data-line=\"323\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 Nafion \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"325\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"327\">\n<p data-line=\"327\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 Nafion \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"What industries benefit the most from Nafion?\" data-line=\"329\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 Nafion\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"331\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 NAFION. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 NAFION \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"333\">\n<p data-line=\"333\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d<\/strong>: \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 Nafion \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"How does Nafion compare to other proton exchange membranes?\" data-line=\"335\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 Nafion \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"337\">\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 Nafion \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 Nafion \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"339\">\n<p data-line=\"339\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 Nafion \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"What is the future of Nafion in energy technologies?\" data-line=\"341\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-line=\"343\">\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote data-line=\"345\">\n<p data-line=\"345\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 Nafion \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629..<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107],"tags":[394,395],"class_list":["post-1041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-pem-membrane","tag-proton-exchange-membrane"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1041"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1041\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1041"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnvetenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}